1* METAL (فلز أو معدن)
a metal is a kind of element
(عنصر) , unlike other elements , metals can conduct heat and electricity .
Metals combine
(يتحد) with oxygen to make compounds called oxides .
About three – quarters of all elements are metals .
Gold , tin
(قصدير), and aluminum are all metals .
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2* MINERAL (معدن)
A mineral is an inorganic chemical found in the earth or in rocks . Most minerals are made up of crystals
(بلورات) , and many of them are hard(متماسكة) .
There are more 200 known minerals .
Like < quartz , granite , hematite , mica ,calcite , dolomite
.
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** Metallurgy(علم المعادن : ويبحث في استخراج المعادن يستخدم في العلوم الهندسية )
** Mineralogy(علم المعادن : ولكنه يستخدم فقط في علم الجيولوجيا )
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3* Crystal (البلورة)
A crystal is a solid with a regular shape , such as cubic or tetragonal , crystals are often hard and shiny , and have smooth , flat surfaces .
Most minerals are found naturally as crystals .
Grains of common salt and precious stones
(أحجار كريمة ) , such as diamonds(الماس) are crystals .
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4* Element (عنصر)
An element is the most basic substance, an element cannot
be changed by chemical reaction into any simpler substance .
Carbon , hydrogen , and oxygen are all examples of elements .
Elements can join
(ترتبط)
together to form compounds
(مركبات), there are just over 100 known elements .
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5* Mater (المادة )
Matter is anything that has mass (weight) and takes up
space (يشغل حيز من الفراغ).
The three kinds of matter are solids , liquids , and gases .
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