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Beta particles
Beta particles are identical to electrons and thus have a charge of (-1). This type of decay process leaves the mass number of the nuclei unchanged. A beta particle is minute in comparison to that of an alpha particle and has about one hundred times the penetrating ability. Where an alpha particle can be stopped by a piece of paper a beta particle can pass right through. It takes aluminum foil or even wood to stop a beta particle. The electron that is released was not present before the decay occured, but was actually created in the decay process itself.
Example : 3215P ----> 0-1e + 3216S
Note that the mass number is unchanged and a new element is formed. So what was the effect of this Beta particle production? It actually changed a neutron into a proton. Notice that this new element will be down and to the right on the zone of stability plot.
Positron
This type of particle production is just the opposite of Beta particle decay.
Example : Na ----> 0 1e + Ne
Notice that is still has the same zero mass as an electron but an opposite charge. This is what is known as an antiparticle of the electron.
What happens when a positron collides with an electron? Annihilation!!
This can be shown by the following reaction:
Example : 0-1e + 01e ----> 2
